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About This File
INTRODUCTION
Ingrid Valley Megacaldera Complex is a vast metropolis in the beginning... but throughout seven stages of development the valley is completely transformed into a beautiful, varied landscape. Like the Blake River Megacaldera Complex [ now already 2 billion years old ] Ingrid Valley is the remnants of three titanic volcanic eruptions, sourced from a huge underground igneous system called a supervolcano. The remnants are called calderas, or in this case due to their colossal size, megacalderas.
FORMATION
Megacalderas are formed when so much ejecta is erupted that the magma chamber is partly emptied. About 1 tenth of it's total capacity is removed, and the above crust falls in, creating a crater tens of miles wide, and at least a thousand feet deep. In the eruption, about 2 thirds of the superheated, pulverized ejecta immediately falls back down, totaling in volume from 700 cubic kilometers to about 2000. This is dispersed within 100 miles of the megacaldera in pyroclastic flows, boiling avalanches of volcanic gas and tephra travelling at 500 to 700 kilometers per hour. The tephra is called ignimbrite when it is laid down by pyroclastic flows, and can be over 1000 feet deep. This raises the terrain around the supervolcano, filling in small valleys and rivers.
Throughout the seven stages of Ingrid Valley's formation there are three supervolcanic eruptions, each forming it's own megacaldera. Between each eruption is 800,000 years of erosion, totaling the period of erosion to nearly 2.5 million years. At the final stage an asteroid impact has occurred, drastically altering the local landscape.
CONCLUSION
All stages of the megacaldera complex's formation are in the zip file. It is only 1/3rd of actual size, and the full size version will be uploaded shortly. I hope you enjoy the challenges and beauty of Ingrid Valley Megacaldera Complex, as I enjoyed making it.
