Hi there,
I'm currently writing a dissertation for university on what defines a "game", and would like some help with something (skip to the end if you want to know what piece of information I specifically need to complete my work). I have read through many academics on their works, from past to present (e.g. Johan Huizinga - "Homo Ludens", Roger Caillois - "Man, Play and Games", Chris Crawford - "The Art of Computer Game Design", Jesper Juul - "Half-Real" etc).
One of the many occurring examples, that the more recent academics write in their works (i.e. Costikyan, Berger, Juul etc), on the topic of what constitutes not to be a game, is apparently SimCIty (the first game). For example, Greg Costikyan writes that:
I have never played the first two SimCity games - I have only ever played SimCity 3000 (which was a long time ago and I do not have a copy anymore) and SimCity 4.
However, upon reading the manuals of both SimCity and SimCity 2000, apparently the games came with two modes of play - scenario play and the base game itself. Within these scenarios, you assume the role as mayor of a currently built city, and you must reach certain goals within a time limit to win. If you do not, you fail. This is what many would constitute to be a game as it provides at least three tenets that make up a game: 1. Rules, 2. Conflict, 3. A meaningful outcome. The scenario modes were suggested to be implemented by the publisher at the time, Brøderbund, that it would make the product truly a "game" rather than just a simulation.
Exerpt from the SimCity Manual:
My questions to you SimTropolis are the following:
1. Is it possible, in both the first SimCity and SimCity 2000, to "fail" (i.e. achieve a "Game Over" screen) in the core game (i.e. not the scenarios)? If so, how?
I for one know that it is indeed possible to at least fail in the core games of SimCity 3000 and SimCity 4 if your finances take a dip, but I do not know the specifics and do not have the games on hand nor the time at the moment (it was a long time since I last failed SimCity 3000 and SimCity 4, which was many, many years ago when I was messing around with the game to see what would happen if you financially destroyed yourself). So, my second question is the following:
2. How exactly do you fail (i.e. achieve a "Game Over" screen) SimCity 3000 and SimCity 4? Specifics would be great. (I think it had something to do with a certain amount of debt? How much was it?)
Any answer to either of these two questions would be very much appreciated.
Thanks,
Jin